Perspectives on Gender Equality in Contemporary Literature

  • Authors

    • Dr. Anita Verma Associate Professor, Banaras Hindu University, India. Author

    DOI:

    https://doi.org/10.67228/3071561X/IJIRHT-2020PII2F5L

    Published 09-04-2020

  • Gender Equality, Contemporary Literature, Feminist Theory, Intersectionality, Narrative Analysis, Postcolonial Feminism, Gender Representation Index (GRI), Literary Discourse, Social Justice, Cultural Studies

    Issue

    Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020)

    Section

    Articles

    How to Cite

    [1]
    A. Verma, “Perspectives on Gender Equality in Contemporary Literature”, IJIRHT, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 01–12, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.67228/3071561X/IJIRHT-2020PII2F5L.

  • Abstract

    The equality of genders has become a primary concern of modern literary discussion, and it is also a part of the wider socio-political changes, as well as the global fight towards fairness and inclusiveness. Literature as a cultural object and a form of ideological negotiation is a crucial element in forming a consciousness of the masses in terms of gender identities, power relations, and social justice. The paper is a critical reflection on the views on gender equality in modern literature using a multidisciplinary analytical approach that combines the feminist theory, intersectionality, postcolonial studies, and narrative discourse analysis. The aim is to assess the approaches of contemporary authors to create, deconstruct, and reinvent the gender roles in various cultural contexts. The research examines the publications of the past two decades, 2000-2024, which revolves around the English-language novels, short stories, and selected translated texts. The paper examines four major dimensions, namely: (1) the representation of female agency and autonomy, (2) disaggregation of patriarchal narratives, (3) intersectional identities of race, class, and sexuality, and (4) narrative strategies that disrupt binary gender. The study uses mixed qualitative-quantitative approach, which involves thematic coding, discourse and proportional content analysis. The results suggest a significant change in the case of traditional gender stereotypes towards multi-dimensional and fluid characterizations. The voice of the marginalized is an increasingly predictable feature of contemporary literature, such as LGBTQ+ narratives and postcolonial feminist views. Nevertheless, there are still differences in publishing representation and international literary markets. In the research, it also comes out that the incorporation of feminist discourse is highly evident in Western literary spaces, and literature in the emerging economies tends to bind gender equality and socio-economic conflicts. The article can be used as a tool in the study of literature because of its contribution to the study of gender equality representation in the form of a systematic framework of analysis. The conceptual measure of thematic focus on equality constructs in literary texts is suggested to be a Gender Representation Index (GRI). It can be deduced (according to the findings) that literature is not simply a reflection of the change in society but plays a significant role in the redefinition of the gender paradigms. Finally, modern day literature is a transformative territory, in which equality is discussed, rebuilt and symbolically acted out.

  • References

    [1] S. de Beauvoir, The Second Sex. New York, NY, USA: Vintage Books, 1989.

    [2] E. Showalter, A Literature of Their Own: British Women Novelists from Brontë to Lessing. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 1977.

    [3] K. Millett, Sexual Politics. New York, NY, USA: Doubleday, 1970.

    [4] S. Gilbert and S. Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press, 1979.

    [5] K. Crenshaw, “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color,” Stanford Law Review, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1241–1299, 1991.

    [6] b. hooks, Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston, MA, USA: South End Press, 1984.

    [7] P. H. Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York, NY, USA: Routledge, 1990.

    [8] T. Morrison, Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

    [9] C. N. Adichie, We Should All Be Feminists. London, U.K.: Fourth Estate, 2014.

    [10] G. C. Spivak, “Can the Subaltern Speak?” in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, C. Nelson and L. Grossberg, Eds. Urbana, IL, USA: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp. 271–313.

    [11] C. T. Mohanty, Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press, 2003.

    [12] B. Emecheta, The Joys of Motherhood. London, U.K.: Heinemann, 1979.

    [13] J. Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York, NY, USA: Routledge, 1990.

    [14] E. K. Sedgwick, Epistemology of the Closet. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 1990.

    [15] M. Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.

  • Downloads