AI-Driven Decision Systems for Real-Time Disaster Prediction

Abstract

Natural and human-induced disasters are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and population growth. Conventional disaster prediction methods often lack the speed and accuracy needed for real-time emergency response. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Big Data Analytics enable intelligent systems to analyze diverse real-time data from satellites, IoT sensors, weather stations, seismic networks, GIS, and social media for accurate disaster forecasting. This paper presents an AI-based decision support framework integrating data acquisition, preprocessing, feature engineering, machine learning, deep learning, and automated decision-making within a scalable cloud-edge architecture. The study also reviews existing AI-based disaster prediction approaches, identifies their limitations, and compares their performance. The findings demonstrate that AI-driven disaster prediction systems significantly improve early warning capabilities, situational awareness, resource allocation, infrastructure protection, and emergency response, ultimately reducing disaster impacts and saving lives.