High-Temperature Superconductors for Power Transmission

  • Authors

    • Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka Professor, University of Tokyo, Japan Author
    • Dr. Yuki Nakamura Associate Professor, Kyoto University, Japan Author

    DOI:

    https://doi.org/10.67228/3071-6357/IJMRSE-2019PI4D9R

    Published 04-02-2019

  • High-Temperature Superconductors, Power Transmission, Superconducting Cables, Cryogenic Cooling, Smart Grid

    Issue

    Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019)

    Section

    Articles

    How to Cite

    High-Temperature Superconductors for Power Transmission. (2019). International Journal of Modern Research in Science & Engineering, 2(1), 01-13. https://doi.org/10.67228/3071-6357/IJMRSE-2019PI4D9R

  • Abstract

    High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) have become a revolution in the way deliver mains electricity in the present-day electric power transmission systems because of capability to transfer electrical current with an insignificant resistance at comparatively loosely cryogenic temperatures. The growing energy requirements of the world, as well as the necessity to provide efficient, compact and environmentally friendly solutions to the system of power delivery have motivated the interest of this research in HTS-based transmission lines. Traditional copper and aluminum conductors have resistive losses, thermal constraints and space, especially through city and high load corridors. Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) and bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BSCCO) are materials used in HTS that currently provide current densities many orders of magnitude greater than those of standard conductors. This allows compact cable designs with increased power capacity. The paper will provide a technical review and analysis of high temperature super conductors in terms of power transmission. The paper expounds on the basics of superconductivity, types of HTS materials, and electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of such materials as applied to grids. Detailed literature review is done to evaluate the global research trends, pilot installation and operational experiences of the HTS power cables. The suggested approach is devoted to the design of the HTS cables, the integration of cryogenic cooling, and the testing of performance at steady-state and transient loads. The outcomes have been put in the form of efficiency enhancement, loss minimization, and power density enhancement by the use of percentages in comparative analysis. The results have shown that the HTS power transmission systems have better performance, lower right-of-way, and greater economic benefits in the long-term making it a viable solution to future smart grids and sustainable energy systems.

  • References

    [1] Bednorz, J. G., & Müller, K. A., “Possible high Tc superconductivity in the Ba–La–Cu–O system,” Zeitschrift für Physik B, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 189–193, 1986.

    [2] Wu, M. K., et al., “Superconductivity at 93 K in a new mixed-phase Y–Ba–Cu–O compound system at ambient pressure,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 908–910, 1987.

    [3] Maeda, H., Tanaka, Y., Fukutomi, M., & Asano, T., “A new high-Tc oxide superconductor without a rare earth element,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. L209–L210, 1988.

    [4] Larbalestier, D., et al., “High-Tc superconducting materials for electric power applications,” Nature, vol. 414, pp. 368–377, 2001.

    [5] Obradors, X., & Puig, T., “Coated conductors for power applications: materials challenges,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 4, 2014.

    [6] Malozemoff, A. P., et al., “Progress in high-temperature superconductor coated conductors and their applications,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 3, 2008.

    [7] Maguire, J. F., et al., “Development and demonstration of a 2G HTS power cable,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1654–1657, 2003.

    [8] Schmidt, F., et al., “Operational experience of HTS power cables in utility grids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1939–1945, 2009.

    [9] Masuda, T., et al., “Demonstration of a 66 kV HTS cable in real power grid operation,” Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 463–465, pp. 1105–1108, 2007.

    [10] Clem, J. R., “AC losses in superconducting power transmission lines,” Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 153–155, pp. 50–54, 1988.

    [11] Norris, W. T., “Calculation of hysteresis losses in hard superconductors carrying AC,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 489–507, 1970.

    [12] Zhang, M., et al., “AC loss characterization and reduction techniques for HTS cables,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 2, 2017.

    [13] Iwasa, Y., Case Studies in Superconducting Magnets, 2nd ed., Springer, 2009.

    [14] Brisbois, J., et al., “Life-cycle cost analysis of high-temperature superconducting power cables,” Energy Policy, vol. 42, pp. 208–217, 2012.

    [15] Hassenzahl, W. V., et al., “Environmental and economic assessment of superconducting power technologies,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 247–252, 2001.

  • Downloads