High-Performance Composite Materials for Aerospace Engineering

Abstract

The composite materials with high performance have taken the place of aerospace engineering as they are very strong in their weight-to-strength ratio, resistance to corrosion, fatigue, and design flexibility. The aerospace sector is in constant need of new materials capable of operating under the influence of severe mechanical stress, temperature variation, and the severe environmental factors without producing a large structural load and low operation expenses. The composite materials especially fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have proven transformative in meeting these challenges. The aim of the paper is to provide a detailed technical review and an analytical discussion on high-performance composite materials, which have found applications in the aerospace. The paper presents a substantial introduction to the basics of composite materials and aerospace, performance requirements, and then undergoes the literature review of all the current advances in the fiber system and matrix materials, manufacturing methods, as well as the latest developments like nano-reinforced composites and hybrid laminates. Thereafter a systematic methodology to select materials, structure design and performance assessment of aerospace composites are proposed bringing in the micromechanical modeling, experimental testing, and numerical simulation. In the results and discussion section, the mechanical, thermal, and environmental performance metrics critically analyze their nature and show trade-offs between material properties, manufacturability, and cost. Lastly, there is also a conclusion of the paper with an insight into future research directions, such as smart composites, sustainable materials, and integrate digital manufacturing. This paper is intended to provide a reference to researchers, engineers, and designers involved in the development of composite materials in the aerospace industry.